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No. 6328, hanyar Fengcheng, Fengxian, birnin Shanghai

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Zinare gwajin block

Zinare Phase Samfurin Block, Zinare Phase Standard Samfurin Block, Zinare Phase Samfurin Gwajin Block, Zinare Phase Gwajin Block

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Ƙungiyar Metals da aka yi amfani da ita yau da kullun

1 kumaFe—Fe₃CPhoto daidaitawa kungiyar

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
1	Masana'antu Pure Iron	ƙone	F. White da dai axial neFHatsi, baƙar fata cibiyar sadarwa ne iyaka tsakanin hatsi, wato Crystal iyaka. Crystal iyakar atomic tsari ba daidai ba, free makamashi high, sauki lalacewa, samar da grooves, saboda haka baƙar fata. A kan shi akwai ƙananan oxide na baƙar fata.
2	20Karfe	Baya wuta	F+P. White hatsi neF, Black block a matsayin yankiP. Ƙarin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin.PLayer tsarin ba a nuna.20Karfe low carbon abun ciki,FAsusun76%，PAsusun24%Saboda haka ya nuna Black WebFCrystal iyaka.
3	45Karfe	Baya wuta	F+P. White hatsi neF, Black block a matsayin yankiP.PTsarin layered, kuma ba a bayyana.45Carbon rabo na karfe20Karfe da yawa,Fsauka zuwa42.7%，PƘara57.3%
4	65Karfe	ƙone	F+P. White substrate ne a cikin layiP. White a cikin network rarraba neF.PTsarin layers kuma ba a bayyana.65Karfe carbon abun ciki kusa da co-analysis abubuwa, a cikin matrix tissuePA bayyane karuwa, ya kai84%，FAdadin ya rage daidai.Fkawai16%.
5	T8Karfe	Baya wuta	TsarinP.PYaFdaFe₃CDaidai tsara inji cakuda.Fdon fari,Fe₃CA cikin baƙar fata, biyu suna da layi mai kama da yatsan yatsa. Yana da high zafiASamfurin da aka gudanar da analytical amsa. Wasu samfurin carbon abun ciki ne ƙasa iyaka, zai sami kadan adadinFbayyana. Lokacin da abu na ganewa iya kasa daFe₃Clayer kauri,Fe₃CYana da baƙar fata. Lokacin da abu ganewa ikon ne mafi girma fiye daFe₃CLayer kauri, sa'an nan fariFe₃CStrips za a bayyana a fili.
6	T12Karfe	Baya wuta	P+Fe₃C_II. Layered substrate tsakanin baƙar fata da fari fasali neP. White cibiyar sadarwa a kan Crystal iyaka neFe₃C_II.T12domin Overanalyzed karfe, kafin co-analysis amsa,Fe₃C_IIDa farkoACrystal iyaka ne a cikin cibiyar sadarwa. Bayan haka, yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu zuwa yanayin zafin jiki, yanayin yanayin ya faru, sauranACanza duk zuwa layiP. MeshFe₃C_IIZa a iya tsabtace ta amfani da aikin wuta mai kyau.
7	T12Karfe	ƙone	P+Fe₃C_II. Yi lalacewa da alkaline bitter sodium acid mafita.Fe₃CA launi baƙar fata, F har yanzu ya kasance fari. Saboda haka Black cibiyar sadarwaFe₃C_II_，Da kuma p. Rashin lalacewa, layered P ba ya nuna launin toka.
8	Asiya Raw Iron	Kasuwanci yanayin	P+Fe₃C_II+Ld`. Spotted substrate ne co-crystallineLd`, Black mutum rami crystal neP, farkon haihuwaACanza samfurin, don haka zuwa babban baki.Fe₃C_IIdaLd`tsakiyarFe₃CDuk suna fari, ba za su iya bambanta ba. Yana ƙaruwa tare da yawan carbon a cikin baƙin ƙarfe,Prage yawa,Ld`Ƙara.
9	Co-crystalline baƙin ƙarfe	Kasuwanci yanayin	CrystalLd`taP+Fe₃C_II+Fe₃Cƙirar.Pda 共晶ADon yin canji na co-analysis, ƙwayoyin suna ƙananan, suna rarraba su zuwa ƙwayoyi da dogon ƙwayoyi a kan substrate na carbonate, baƙar fata.Fe₃C_IICrystalFe₃CDukansu fari ne, haɗe tare, ba za a iya bambanta ba. taPdaFe₃CThe dangi abun ciki ne:Fe₃C 60%，P40%.
10	Transcommunist Raw Iron	Kasuwanci yanayin	Fe₃C_I+Ld`SabodaFe₃C_I_{Da farko crystallized fita, a lokacin crystallization tsari ci gaba da girma, don haka yana da farin launi mai girma kamar wani panel, yayin da}Ld`Har yanzu yana da matsala mai launin baƙar fata.

biyu “C" Ƙungiyar curve

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
11	T8	wuta	S. Fine layersFdaFe₃CInjin cakuda. Optical microscope girma sau da yawa kasa da600XKamar girgije mai duhu a sama. Inganta kawai zuwa1500Xsama, don bambanta shiPLayered siffofin.
12	T8	Isothermal karkatarwa	T．TLokacin da aka quenchARarraba zuwa grain sliceFdaFe₃CLow multiples na inji cakuda, optical microscope, mTTsarin layers yana da baƙar fata mai siffar inky. Inganta kawai a ƙarƙashin microscope na lantarki10000XA sama, don nuna siffofin layered.TKungiyar da aka samu daga quenching, koyaushe zai riƙe wani ɓangare na quenchingMSaboda m lalacewa,Mform ba a nuna, tare daArKamar yadda fari.
13	T8	Isothermal karkatarwa	Bsama+M+Anakasa.BA kan strips F da aka tsara kusan daidai da bundles da tsayawa tsakanin rarraba a F stripsFe₃CƘungiyoyi masu yawa da aka ƙunshi. A ƙarƙashin microscope na optical metallic, ƙwayoyin F suna shimfiɗa zuwa cikin A crystal, tare da halayen gashi. F kumaFe₃CAbubuwa biyu ba su da bambanci kuma suna cikin baƙar fata, kawai a ƙarƙashin microscope na lantarki8000A sama da X, za a iya bambanta abubuwa biyu.
14	T8	Isothermal karkatarwa	Bƙasa+M+Anakasa.B_ƙasaYana da flattened oversaturatedFtare da rarraba aFShort allura a cikinFe₃CHaɗuwa da matakai biyu. Ya fi quenchingMRare lalacewa, a cikin baƙar fata allura ko bamboo ganye a karkashin gani microscope, kawai amplified a cikin lantarki microscope8000Xsama, don bambantaFcikiFe3C. A cikin farin sassan ne quenchingMdaAnakasa_.
15	20	quenching	LambarM. Strips kusan wannan sizeM,Daidaitawa daidaitawa,Nuna baƙar fataMBundle.Babban bambanci tsakanin bundle da bundle,dayaACrystal za a iya samar da dama daban-daban photoshootingMBundle.LambarMDalilin da ya sa Black da White Rare,Saboda low carbon karfeM_SMatsayi Highda farko kafaMThe nauyi daga firing matakin, a cikin baƙar fata, bayan samar daMYana da haske kuma fari.
16	T8	quenching	TsarinM+Ar. Babban carbonMYana da wani kusurwa tsakanin sassan. A cikin dayaAA cikin crystal, na farko yanki da aka kafaMLarger, sau da yawa a duk fadinAhatsi, zaiAhatsi da aka raba da kuma samar da bayanMallura, da aka iyakance shi kuma a hankali ya zama karami, sa'an nan filimMAkwai tsawon lokaci a cikin filin gani. quenchingMWannan ne farin allura,ArDon launin toka mai haske. Saboda yana haifar da wuta yayin tsarin samfurin, martensite yana da kwalliya mai launin fata.

uku45Karfe daT12Karfe zafi treatment kungiyar

17	45Karfe	wuta	F+S. White bar neF. falling bayan crystal iyaka; Black block neS.Positive wuta sanyaya block,FBa a samun cikakken bincike, ƙananan abun ciki, yin co-analysis amsaAƘara, parsedPMafi ƙaranci.45Karfe mai kyau wuta iya inganta tsari, refinement bayan casting ko forgingAhatsi, tissue uniformity, haɓaka karfe ƙarfi, tauri da tauri.
18	45Karfe	mai quenching	M+T. Black clusters rarraba a gefen crystal iyaka neT, White don karkatarwaM. Man fetur sanyaya jinkirin,45Karfe hardness ba isa, ba za a iya samun dukMZa a parse kaɗan sassaT.TEasy lalacewa, kadan lalacewa ya zama baƙar fata, quenchedMYana da wuya a lalata kuma yana fari.
19	45Karfe	860℃ ruwa	Matsakaicin CarbonM.MRarraba a cikin strips da allura cakuda. BarMMore, alluraMA biyu ƙarshen allura ne mafi m.45#KarfeM_SBabban, farko kafaMSamar da self-firing, baƙar fata, ba self-firingMFarin. Saboda haka ya samar da layout.
20	45Karfe	860℃ ruwa quenching low zafin jiki annealing	Carbon a cikin wutaM.a cikin200A cikin ℃, a cikin MFe₃CBincike, saMYana da baƙar fata. Ƙananan adadiArCikakken canji.
21	45Karfe	860℃ ruwa quenching matsakaicin zafin jiki	WutaT. Yi wutaTdagaMrabaFRarraba grain-grained a kan substrateFe₃CMixed kungiyar. Matsakaicin zafi firing, saMCarbide da aka zubar ya tattara zuwa gefen allura. Yana da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙ kumaMA tsakiyar yana da carbon mai talauci kuma fari. Don haka WhiteFHar yanzu an kiyaye bayanin layiMMatsayi. Black Carbide, kawai a karkashin lantarki microscope za a iya gane carburization jiki maki, kuma za a iya ganin backfireTHar yanzu ajiye da alluraMMatsayi.
22	45Karfe	860℃ ruwa quenching high zafi annealing	WutaS. Yi wutaSYaFRarraba granular a kan substrateFe₃CHaɗuwa. Ƙara zafin jiki,Fe₃Cgranules girma fiye da backfireTMai karfi, amma har yanzu ba za a iya bambanta shi a ƙarƙashin microscopeFe₃Cparticles. quenching samuMTa hanyar high zafi annealing, motsaMCarbide da aka zubar ya tara zuwa gefen allura, yana sa shi ya zama mai sauƙin lalacewa a cikin baƙar fata, yayin daMCarbon na tsakiyar talauci yana da launin toka.
23	45Karfe	780℃ ruwa	Yawen Hardening ƙungiyarF+M. Saboda dumama zazzabi kasa daAC₃, kiyaye wani ɓangareF, dumama ƙungiyoyiA+F. Bayan quenching,ACanza zuwaMda baƙar fata,FBa canzawa ba, fari. Saboda haka Yafen karkatarwa tsari a matsayin baƙar fataMA kan substrate, rarraba farin blockF.
24	45Karfe	1100℃ ruwa	Overheating ruwa ƙwayoyinM_ƙarfi. Saboda high zafin jiki dumama,AHatsi girma da sauri, samun babban matsakaicin carbon rarraba a layi bayan quenchingM. A cikin daban-daban hatsi, daidai tsaraMMatsayi ya bambanta.
25	T12	Kula annealing	BallPYaFRarraba granular a kan substrateFe₃C. White donFMatrix, farin ƙananan particles a matsayinFe₃C. Sashe na hoto neFe₃Cparticles ne mafi girma.
26	T12	780℃ ruwa quenching low zafin jiki annealing	WutaMda granularFe₃C. Black ne mai kwalliya mai kama da wutaMWhite particles neFe₃C_II. Saboda dumama zazzabi aA₃aAC₁Tsakanin dumama tsara kamarA+Fe₃C_II. Fine hatsi bayan hardeningAsamunMallura kuma fine,Fe₃C_IIBa ya canzawa. Bayan ƙoneMzama Black, zama Black FirebackMMatrix rarraba farin particlesFe₃C_II_.Ya kasance na al'ada ƙungiyar ƙonewa. Idan BlackMMatrix bayyana mai launin rawaya mai haske, har ma da ƙarancin alluraMBayanin da fireback ba ya isa.
27	T12	1100℃ ruwa quenching low zafin jiki annealing	Low zafin jiki firing tissue bayan overheating quenchingM+Ar. Saboda high zafin jiki dumama,Fe₃CAll narke a cikin girmaAMatsakaicin, samun baƙar fata annealing na coarse allura bayan quenchingMJiki da launin toka ragowarAr.

IV. Alloy karfe zafi magani kungiyar

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
28	40Cr	daidaitawa	WutaS.WhiteFFine baki particles rarraba a kan substrateFe₃C. Lokacin da quenching zazzabi ne mai ƙasa, alloy carbide yana da wuya gaba ɗaya narkewaAtsakiya. Saboda haka a cikin wutaSAn rage ƙananan adadin carbides na ƙwayoyin halitta.
29	65Mn	Matsakaicin zafi quenching	WutaT.WhiteFRarraba mai ƙarancin black a kan substrateFe₃Cparticle da ya kasanceMMatsayi. Saboda ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙanana
30	GCr15	Na yau da kullun quenching low zafi annealing	WutaMda kuma Fine particles Carbide+Anakasa.MRarraba baƙar fata da farin yanki, shi ne musamman tsari na bearing karfe bayan karfafa. White Zone aAAn rarraba shi a cikin crystal. Lokacin da karkata dumama carbide aACrystal iyaka da farko narke, sa shi dauke da carbon, carbon yawa fiye da crystal ciki,M_SLower, samu zuwa Twin Crystal bayan quenchingMDomin ɓoye alluraMJiki, ba shi da sauƙin ƙonewa, ba shi da sauƙin lalacewa kuma fari;ACarbide a cikin crystal narke ƙananan,M_SMatsayi mafi girma, samun bar a lokacin quenchingMUbangijin CrystalMYana da sauƙin dawowa, yana da sauƙin lalacewa a cikin baƙar fata. Farin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙanana
31	W18Cr4V	Kasuwa	Ld′+T+M+Ar。 CrystalLd'Yana da kashin kifi-like rarraba, wanda co-crystalline carbide ne sosai wuya narkewa a cikin A, ba za a iya canza siffar da zafi magani, kawai za a iya karya ta hanyar forging da rolling; T mai sauƙin lalacewa yana da baƙar fata, ana kira shi baƙar fata; M + Ar ba shi da sauƙin lalacewa a cikin fari, wanda ake kira farin ƙirar. Ana iya kawar da baƙar fata da farin ƙwayoyi ta hanyar annealing da kuma quenching.
32	W18Cr4V	ƙone	S+Karbidi. Matsayi neS, ƙananan multiplier,SThe tsakanin bar nesa ba a nuna, amma a duhu rawaya; White block ne co-crystalline carbide, da farin ƙananan granules ne biyu carbide.
33	W18Cr4V	quenching	M+Ar+Karbidi. White substrate ne m da Ar. Bayan high-gudun karfe quenching, Ar har zuwa 20-25%, don haka kadan zurfin lalacewa zai iya nuna A crystal iyaka na baƙar fata cibiyar sadarwa; A ƙwaƙwalwar amsa na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar White babban sassa ne co-crystalline carbide, Ƙananan ƙananan fararen ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan
34	W18Cr4V	quenching da kuma annealing	M+Carbide+Anakasa . Black substrate don backfireM+ArBabban farar ƙwayoyin sune co-crystalline carbide, ƙananan ƙwayoyin sune biyu carbide.
35	1Gr18Ni9Ti	Solid magani	A. White hatsi neAHatsi, wani ɓangare na hatsi yana da gilashi guda biyu, a kan substrate baƙar fata a matsayin carbide, wasu samfuran suna da sulfide da aka rarraba a cikin baƙar fata.
36	30CrMnSi	Isothermal karkatarwa	Bgranule. da launin toka da fariFDa ƙananan ƙungiyoyin tsibirin da ke kewaye da shi. Tsibirin yana da siffofi daban-daban, yana da ƙwayoyi ko ƙwayoyi, kuma ba daidai ba ne. Tsibirin yana da wadataccen carbon lokacin da aka kafa shiAAkwai lokuta uku da za a iya samu a baya canji: zai iya zamaFdaFe₃C; kuma zai iya faruwaMCanja ko har yanzu ci gaba da wadataccen carbonAr.
37	ZGMn13	Kasuwa	A+Karbidi. White substrate neA, Black cibiyar sadarwa domin crystal iyaka, tare daACrystal yana sarrafa carbides masu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin Babban Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin JirginMnKarfeAMesh carbide da aka rarraba ta crystal zai yi mummunan tasiri a kan kayan aikin inji da juriya. Dole ne a yi amfani da ruwa mai ƙarfi don sa carbide ya narkeAtsakiya.
38	ZGMn13	Ruwa toughness magani	ADuk donAHatsi, hatsi girman ba daidai ba, yana da twin crystal deformation. Babban Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin JirginMnKarfe dumama zuwa1050-1100℃, sa carbide narkewa a cikin substrate, da sauri sanyaya, samun guda A. Yana da kyakkyawan karfi, aiki a lokacin jure da babban tasiri load, wasa high juriya halaye.

5. Karfe da chemical zafi treatment ƙungiya

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
39	20Karfe	Annealing bayan carburization	daidaitaccen tissue na al'ada carburization. Mafi surface layer ne transconsorption layer, baƙar fata substrate nePWhite cibiyar sadarwa neFe₃C_II; Sub-surface ne co-analysis layer, duk a cikin baƙar fataP; na uku Layer ne asbestos overlay layer, da carbon abun ciki a hankali raguwa, har zuwa zuciya, da tissue halaye, fariFA hankali karuwa,PRage daidai har zuwa20Karfe asali tsari.
40	40Cr	Tuning mai laushi nitridation	Soft nitrogen ƙungiyoyi. Farin farfajiya shine mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗan mahaɗaFe₄N、Fe₃N、CrNMixed kungiyoyi. Mafi ƙarfi, sauran su ne fussolides.
41	45Karfe	Air sanyaya bayan boronization	shemaleBƘungiya. Surface fari kamar boroidFe₂BPhase, nuna hakora siffar dacewa a cikin matrix; Sub-layer sauyawa layer ne yaduwa carbon-boosting layer, da substrate neSda ƙananan adadin da aka rarraba a gaban crystal iyakaFZuciya45Karfe mai wuta tsari, watoS+F.
6. Ƙungiyar Iron
Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
42	Grayscale baƙin ƙarfe	Kasuwa	HTA siffar graphite. The bakin fata tafiya tsari ne graphite, saboda ba a lalacewa, saboda haka a yau da kullun ba a nuna, a fari. Metals lura da graphite a cikin wani yanki daban-daban, yaduwa a kan substrate, su ne daban-daban, kuma ba su da alaƙa da juna.HTTsawon graphite na gaba-gaba ya bambanta, akwai bambancin aiki, saboda haka, bisa ga buƙatun amfani, sarrafa siffar da tsawon graphite a cikin tsari. Ƙasar misali, raba ta hanyar graphite6nau'i, graphite tsawon raba zuwa8matakin.
43	Castable ƙarfe	ƙone	KTA siffar graphite. Ƙungiyar baƙar fata ta zama graphite, kamar ƙungiyar auduga, siffar ta fi daidaitacce. Ba a lalata ba, ba a nuna substrate a matsayin fari ba.KTAn yi shi daga baƙin ƙarfe mai farin baki. Ta hanyar sarrafa graphite mai ƙarfi ta annealing, don samun carburizing daya, biyu, uku bayan cikakken graphite.KTCikakken, rarraba, da adadin graphite yana da tasiri a kan aikin. A cikin ƙa'idodin kasa akwai rankings, a matsayin yanayin karɓar zinariya.
44	Ink baƙin ƙarfe	Kasuwa	QTsiffar graphite. Ƙungiyar baƙar fata ta zama graphite, kusan zagaye a ƙananan sau. A ƙarƙashin high sau da polygon, kewaye da concave. Saboda ba a lalata ba, ba a nuna matrix ba, yana fari.QTAna samun narkewa ta ƙara ƙasa mai yawa na magnesium spherical da silicon iron fertilizer a cikin ruwan baƙin ƙarfe, ingancinsa yawanci ana tantance shi ta hanyar ƙimar spherical, za a iya gudanar da shi bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara, yana rarraba shi zuwa matakai shida.
45	Worm baƙin ƙarfe	Kasuwa	Tsarin graphite na wutar ƙarfe. Tsarin graphite na wutar ƙarfe yana tsakanin graphite mai siffa da graphite mai siffa, tsawon graphite da kauri suna da ƙananan darajar, kaurin wutar ƙarfe yana da gajeren ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙaranc Ba a lalata ba, ba a nuna substrate a matsayin fari ba. Worm cast baƙin ƙarfe ne samuwa ta hanyar ƙara wormering silicon baƙin ƙarfe gami ko silicon calcium gami a ruwan baƙin ƙarfe. A samar da graphite worming tsari akwai fluctuations zai bayyana a karamin adadin ball-shaped, cluster-shaped, sheet-shaped da sauran non-worm graphite, ga worm cast baƙin ƙarfe, graphite worming rate ne babban fasaha nuna alama, worming rate raba zuwa9matakin.
46	Grayscale baƙin ƙarfe HT100	ƙone	FBase grey ƙarfe. TsarinFdomin fari da kuma nuna Black Web Crystal,FAn rarraba graphite mai baƙar fata a kan substrate.FGray karfe ne yawanci ta hanyar high zafi graphite annealing, sa carburizing rushe zuwaFda kuma graphite. Akwai ƙananan adadin lokacin da ba a rushe shi baP.
47	Grayscale baƙin ƙarfe HT150	Kasuwa	F+PBase grey ƙarfe.Pa cikin baƙar fata,FAn rarraba shi a gefen filayen graphite ne fari, kuma filayen graphite ne launin toka mai launin fata.F+PIron tushen grey, kuma za a iya samun ta amfani da low zafi graphite wuta. Zuwan dumama workpieces zuwa720-760℃, zazzabi insulation game da 2h, tanda sanyi zuwa 300 ℃ fita daga tanda iska sanyi.
48	Grayscale baƙin ƙarfe HT200	wuta	PBase grey ƙarfe. The launin toka baƙar fata dogon yanki ne graphite, da substrate ne launin toka baƙar fata ƙananan yanki beaded jiki. Yana da kyau wuta dumama iska sanyi lokacin da,AAn parse fita a lokacin canjin parsing, ƙananan. Casting yanayin kuma samuwaPKiyiHTAmma sau da yawa akwai block siffar a kusa da graphiteFWasu suna rarraba baƙar fata mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi mai launi.
49	Castable ƙarfe KT350-10	ƙone	FKiko ƙarfe. Matsayi neF, fari, da bayyane baƙar fataFYanar gizo Crystal. Black flocculation ne graphite da aka zubar lokacin annealing, ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin launin toka mafi yawan sulfide.FForgable baƙin ƙarfe ne na farko mataki high zafi da na biyu mataki matsakaicin zafi annealing ne mafi cikakke, don haka da carburizing a cikin substrate gaba daya rushe graphite carbon, yayin da substrate talaucin carbon, bayan sanyaya samun duk a matsayinFƘungiyoyin.
50	Castable ƙarfe KT550-04	Mataki na farko na graphite annealing	PKiko ƙarfe. TsarinPLayer mai launin baƙar fata da fari. Wasu suna da ƙananan fararenFA baƙar fata ƙungiya ne graphite.PCastable baƙin ƙarfe ne ƙungiyar da aka samu bayan firing farin baƙin ƙarfe blanks don mataki na farko high zafin jiki graphite annealing, ba a ƙara ta hanyar mataki na biyu graphite annealing da firing iska sanyaya.
51	Ink baƙin ƙarfe QT400-15	ƙone	FBaseball baƙin ƙarfe. White substrate neFBlack cibiyar sadarwaFCrystal iyaka, baƙar fata ball ne graphite. Manganese phosphorus abubuwa polarized a kan iyakar crystalline cluster, da kuma high abun ciki na carbon, da kuma m, ba sauki graphitized, haifar da rage da kadan adadinP. Lokacin da casting kungiyoyi ba kawaiPHar ila yau, lokacin da akwai free carburizing, yi high zafi annealing. Idan baƙin ƙarfe ƙungiyar kawaiF+PBa tare da free carburizing, to, low zafin jiki annealing.
52	Ink baƙin ƙarfe QT500-5	Kasuwa	F+PBaseball baƙin ƙarfe. Black ball don graphite, fariFKewaye da spherical graphite, ya zama ƙwayoyin ido na shanu. Ball graphite a kusa da Ball lokacin da aka zubar a cikin ruwa karfeAMatsakaicin carbon abun ciki a bayyane yake ƙananan, da kuma high abun ciki na silicon, don haka shi ne mai sauƙi ya fallout tare da graphite ball a lokacin sanyaya tsariF.F+PHakanan za a iya samun ta hanyar low zafi positive wuta, ammaFa matsayin block-shaped, da ake kira karya-shapedF.
53	Ink baƙin ƙarfe QT700-2	wuta	PBaseball baƙin ƙarfe. Layer tsakanin baƙar fata da fariPA launin toka baƙar fata ball ne graphite.PSamun jiki gabaɗaya ana gudanar da wuta mai zafi. Amma sau da yawa a kusa da spherical graphite, ƙunshi da ƙananan adadinFYawancin ba a yardaFfiye da15%.
54	High phosphorus baƙin ƙarfe	Kasuwa	P+Tsarin Graphite+Phosphorus kuma. Layered substrate nePYa zama baƙar fata saboda zurfin lalacewa; Gray baƙar fata ne graphite, farin gefe ne phosphorus co-crystalline. Phosphorus co-crystalline rarraba a gefen crystalline iyaka, kamar lattice, haɗi da juna don samar da wani m tushe. A lokacin gogewa, graphite da substrate da aka wear da kuma concave, iya adana lubricating man fetur, taka rawar rage gogewa; Mesh phosphorus co-crystalline bulging, jure friction, don haka sa sassa wear juriya inganta.

7. Ƙungiyar ƙarfe mai launi

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
55	ZL102	Kasuwa	Kasuwa. Undeformed aluminum-silicon gami. Hasken launin toka mai girma allura silicon crystal da fariAlpha solid mafita tsara crystalline ƙwayoyin+Ƙananan adadin haske launin toka polygon na farko crystalline silicon granules.
56	ZL102	Kasuwa	An deformed aluminum-silicon gami. White Branch Crystalline Tissue Don FarawaAlpha mai ƙarfi, sauran shine ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar
57	LY12	Kasuwa	Hard aluminum casting ƙungiya. White donα(AL)Matrix tare da Dark Black [α](AL)+fasalin (CuAL₂）+Sda (AL₂CuMg) Triple Crystal da kuma ［α(AL)+fasalin (CuAL₂] Binary Crystal. Uku da biyu co-crystalline duk suna da cibiyar sadarwa rarraba, da wuya a bambanta.
58	LY12	Sheet na zamani	Hard aluminum lokaci tsari. farinα(AL)Rarraba baki θ fasa a kan substrate (CuAL₂daSda (AL₂CuMg) Ƙarfafa maki na consistency. Saboda samfurin da aka ɗauka a tsaye da farantin, don haka ƙarfafa rarraba maki a tsaye. Wasu samfurin ba a yi su a cikin samfurin madaidaiciya ba, ƙarfafa rarraba batutuwa a cikin sashe.
59	H70	deformation firing	Single mataki tagulla tsari. ga Zincnarkewa a cikin jan ƙarfeAlpha solid mafita da kuma sauran axis grains. Wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin.
60	H62	ƙone	Bipolar tagulla kungiyar. White sassa neAlpha solid narkewa substrate, baƙar fata bar ne a cikin lantarki mahadaCuZuBeta-tushen solid mafita. Ba a nuna iyakar alfa mai laushi ba.
61	QSn10	Kasuwa	Tin tagulla casting kungiyar. Haske farin rami a matsayin tin narke a cikin jan ƙarfeAlpha mai ƙarfi. alfa itace mai rikitarwa jan ƙarfe, a waje ne mafi duhu wuri mai rikitarwa tin; Rarraba kananan maki a cikin fari a cikin ramin rami ne (α+δ) Ƙungiyar. δ ne a cikin electronics mahadaCu₃₁Sn₈tushen solid mafita. Wasu samfurin da baƙar fata spots ne casting porosity.
62	QSn10	matsawa bar	Alpha karfi mafita guda fasali tsari, da wani sliding band a cikin hatsi.
63	Siki bearing gami	Kasuwa	α+β’+ηƘungiyar. Matrix ne alfa karfi mafita a antimony a cikin tin, sauki lalacewa a baki, farin square ne β’Ya, shi neSnSbAn tsara ingantaccen ingantaccen mafita, yana da wuya a lalata. particles karami, da wuya lalacewa a farin tauraro ko radiation allura-shaped a ηphase, watauCu₆Sn₅Hakanan yana da wuya a lalata.
64	Aluminum tushen bearing gami	Kasuwa	β+（αPb）+β）jimlar+Cu2SbTissue farin kwakwalwa ne beta fasa (SnSb(Hard maki, wani ɓangare allura ne jan ƙarfe antimony mahada)cu2SbSauran (α)+（Pb）+β) Co-crystalline mai laushi substrate.
65	QPb30	Kasuwa	Lead tagulla cast ƙungiya. Lead ba zai iya narkewa a jan ƙarfe. White launiα（Cu) An rarraba duhu gubar hatsi a kan.
66	TC4	ƙone	（α+β) Bi-fasali titanium gami. White strip ne alfa solid mafita, da kuma tsakanin baƙar fata ne beta solid mafita, da kuma alfa strip crosswise tsari, kamar yadda aka saka network basket, da ake kira network basket tissue.

8. karfe lalacewar tsari

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
67	45Karfe	forging	Band kungiyar. White hatsi neFBlack block nePBiyu a cikin shugabanci na karkatarwa a cikin baƙar fata da fari da ke cikin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin layin. Wasu samfurin ne20Karfe.
68	ZG30	Kasuwa	Low carbon Weighins. White allura, blockFBlack donP.WhiteFKula a cikin BlackPA cikin crystal, yana da tsananin ƙungiyar Weinstein.
69	T13	Wuta mai zafi	High Carbon Weighins. Black block nePWhite cibiyar sadarwa neFe₃C，Fe₃CInjected, ko ma penetratingPƙwayoyi.
70	Masana'antu Pure Iron	sanyi Rolling	Fibrous ƙwayoyi. Matsa har zuwa70%sama.Fhatsi ya tsawaita a cikin yanayin karkatarwa, a cikin hatsi da yawa sliding bands raba zuwa kananan sassa,FCrystal iyaka da sliding band ba su da bambanci, da kuma fiber-like tissue.

9. Ƙarin Ƙungiyoyi7iri

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
71	A3Karfe	arc walda	Welding ƙungiyar. hagu welding yankin neF+P, yana da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaici; Overheating yankin kusa da welding suture yankin,ABabban hatsi, yana nuna Weishi tsari; Bayan haka, zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa yankin wuta mai kyau don ƙanananF+P. A hankali a kan asali ƙwayoyin zuwa motherboard annealingF+P.
72	Iron tushen foda karfe	matsa sintering	Ferrite+Pearl jiki+Pores. White substrate ne ferrite, baƙar fata coarse flakes ne beaded jiki, ƙananan adadin bar carburizing, baƙar fata granules ne porous.
73	T12Karfe	wuta	P+Fe₃C_II. Base ne baƙar fataPWhite karamin yanki neFe₃C_IIA cikin asali kayanFe₃C_IIAn cire cibiyar sadarwa.
74	T8Karfe	ƙone	Microscope tissue na decarbonization layer. An raba su zuwa nau'ikan biyu bisa ga tsananin tsarin decarbonisation. A nau'i ga surface decarbonisation tsanani, bayyana cikakken decarbonisation layer, mafi surface layer ne fariF, zurfin lalacewa kuma nunaFCrystal iyaka; Sub-surface neF& TsarinPTare da zuciyaPzurfi,Frage,PƘara har sai babu decarbonisation dukaPHar zuwa. Wani surface ne kawai wani ɓangare decarbonization layer, tsara a matsayinF+PNa biyu neP. Wannan chart surface ne cikakken decarbonization layer.
75	20CrMnTi	Carbonization, sanyaya quenching, low zafin jiki annealing	Surface layer ne mai karfe carburization layer na karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe karfe.Mkomawa+Anakasa+Karbidi. Matsayi a cikin alluraMWuta+ArBayan dogon lokaci high zafin jiki carburization, hatsi ne m, ko da yake sanyaya zuwa860℃ Mai sanyi, BlackMkomawaGanen allura har yanzu yana da ƙarfi, mafi yawan fararen carbides da aka rarraba a kan farfajiyar.
76	QT900-2	900℃ dumama isothermal karkata	Bƙasa+M+Anakasa+Graphite. Dark launin toka spherical ne graphite, baƙar fata m allura neBƙasa.BƙasaA ciki carburizing particles ne mafi yawa, ƙananan, kuma a kan inks gefen da fifiko samar, sosai sauki da backfire, sauki lalacewa zuwa baƙar fata. quenchingM+AnakasaGene yana da fari saboda lalacewa. A kan wasu bukatun hadaddun inji kaddarorin ne mafi girma, siffar da aka kwatanta da rikitarwa sashe size ba buga workpieces, za a iya samun ta amfani da isothermal karkataBƙasaƘungiya.
77	Aluminum tagulla	Kasuwa	a+（a+y2(Abubuwan samarwa).aHoton yaCutushen solid mafita ne fari;y2Phase ne a cikin electronics mahadaCu32AL19tushen solid mafita (a+y2) Co-parser ne mai ƙarancin baƙar fata, m a lokacin da low sau, da ƙananan adadin baƙar fata maki neFeAL3.

10, mold karfe tsari9iri

Serial lambar	kayan kayan	Matsayi yanayin	rukuni asali ya ce Ming
78	T10Karfe	780℃ wucewa + low zafin jiki annealing	M+Anakasa, launin toka baƙar fata substrate neMWuta+Ƙananan adadinAƙarancin,White granular ne biyu carburizing. Carbon kayan aiki karfe quenching zafin jiki gabaɗaya zaɓi a780-800tsakanin ℃. A wannan lokacin A grain samu m mai nauyi bayan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan
79	9CrSi	quenching + low zafin jiki annealing	MWuta+Carbide, m baki allura don low zafin jiki annealingMWhite granules ne kayan aiki carbide marasa narkewa.9CrSiKarfe,Siiya karfafaF, hana quenchingMThe raguwa da karya da kuma tarawa tasirin carbide, saboda haka hana tauri a lokacin firing, ta hanyar250-300℃ annealing, da tauri har yanzu HRC60 saboda haka da yawa amfani da kayan aiki da kuma mold.
80	CrWMn	quenching + low zafin jiki annealing	MWuta+Karbidi. Black don ɓoye allura backfireM, farin granules ne carbide gami, akwai nuna baƙar fata da fari. KarfeMniyaMsPoint karfi sauka, lokacin da quenching zai saAnakasaƘara, daidaitawaMSamar da girman fadada lokacin samarwa, rage jimlar karkatarwa bayan karkatarwa, yana da amfani ga ƙirƙirar karkatarwa da kayan aiki da ke buƙatar tsauri. Amma rashin daidaito na carbide ya fi tsanani, sau da yawa shine babban dalilin ƙarancin ƙirar ƙirar da kayan aiki.
81	Cr12	Raw kayan da aka tempered+Low zafin jiki annealing, manipulating mataki samfurin	Matrix don Black RecyclingM+Anakasada kuma farin granular carbide.Cr12A cikin substrate da yawa da crystalline carbide, rashin daidaito ne mafi tsanani, da karfe billet tsaye tsari ne sau da yawa grid, band-like rarraba, da tsanani lokacin da bukatar gyara forging.
82	Cr12	quenching+Low zafin jiki	MWuta+ Anakasa+Karbidi. Black substrate don backfire+Ƙananan adadinAnakasaBabban farar ƙwayoyi shine co-crystalline carbide, kuma farar ƙwayoyi shine biyu carbide.Cr12Karfe ƙunshiCrBabban adadin, babban hardness, da carbon kafaCr7C3Alloy carbide tauri ne high, sosai kara karfe wear juriya, lokacin da quenchingCrsaAnakasaƘara, zai iya offset wani ɓangare na daliliMCanji samar da girman fadada, karkatarwa karkatarwa ne kaɗan ƙananan, da suka kasance micro karfe karkatarwa. Saboda hakaCr12Karfe da aka yi amfani da shi a mold, amfani sosai m. Amma karfe yana dauke da carbon har zuwa2.3%Carbide da yawa, idan rarraba ba daidai ba ne, ko backfire ba ya isa ba, mold yana da sauƙin cirewa da wuri ko fashewa.
83	Cr12MoV	quenching+Low zafin jiki	MWuta+ Anakasa+Karbidi. Black substrate don backfireM + AnakasaBabban farar ƙwayoyi shine co-crystalline carbide, ƙananan ƙwayoyi shine biyu carbide.Cr12MoVKarfe daCr12Ƙara ƙananan carbon idan aka kwatanta da abun cikiMo、VAbubuwan, ban da inganta hardness da kuma annealing kwanciyar hankali, har yanzu iya refine hatsi, inganta carbide rashin daidaito layi, don haka inganta ƙarfi, karfi da kuma lalacewa juriya.
84	5CrMnMo	quenching+460℃ ƙonewa	TWuta. watau fariFHaɗuwa tissue tare da baƙar fata sosai fine carbonated.5CrMnMoquenching samun alluraM, sa'an nan ta hanyar matsakaicin zafin jiki, saMCarbide da aka zubar ya tattara zuwa gefen allura, yana da sauƙin lalacewa kuma ya zama baƙar fata; kuma allura ganyeMTsakiyar talaucin carbon ya canza zuwa launin tokaF.5CrMnMoAna amfani da shi yawanci don yin matsakaici da ƙananan zafi a matsayin mold.
85	3Cr2W8V	1120℃quenching+580℃ sake wuta sau biyu	MWuta+ Anakasa+Karbidi. Matrix don Black ƙananan annealingM+ AnakasaƘananan adadin, da kuma unresolved farin karamin carbides.3Cr2W8VYa ƙunshi mafi girman kayan haɗin gwiwa, mai kyau hardening, da babban ƙarfi da tauri a high zafin jiki, dace da ƙera zafi mold da bukatar high damuwa, high juriya ba tare da tasiri nauyi a high zafin jiki. Amma karfe na karfe yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin.
86	T8Karfe	shemaleCrBayan Air sanyaya	Matrix don FinePDa ƙananan adadin carbides. Surface fari neCrCarbide, tsari ne (Cr.Fe）7C3.T8KarfeCrMicro tauri har zuwa1404-1482, sama da carburization, nitridation, boronization layers, yana da high wear juriya, kuma yana da kyau antioxidant da kuma wear juriya, aikace-aikace a kan sanyi, zafi, mold, duk suna da inganta rayuwa sakamako.

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